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目录
Q1:从句的宾语从句三要素
宾语从句必须用陈述语序。False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult : He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.【注】否定前移,及完成反义疑问句;在think/believe/suppose/guess/imagine/expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时,可以转移到主句上去,完成反意疑问句时,应与从句主、谓保持一致。(注: 否定前移的条件是,主句主语是第一人称)I don't think you are right,are you?I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they?【注】在表示建议suggest,advise;要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose; 决定 decide; 命令 order、command; 坚决主张 insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句,用(should)+v.(虚拟语气)。I suggested that you(should)study hard.He ordered that we should go out at once.【注】如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语,用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句后置。You may think it strange that he would live there. 带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有:that(可省略),what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how。1.从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连。【注】that常在以下情况下不能省略:(1. 当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;(2.当宾语从句较长时;(3.当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;(4.当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;(5.当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;(6.当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;(7.当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;(8.当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;(9.当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;(10.当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;(11.在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时。2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择连接词if或whether。在whether…or not结构中不能用if替换。【注】if/whether区别①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以。④在不定式前只能用whether。如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,why,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。★当who为主语时,句式为:who+谓语+其他 1.主句是一般现在时,从句时态不变。He says (that) he will leave a message on my know (that) he is working .主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态。He answered that he was listening to .主句是一般将来时,一般从句为一般现在时(“主将从现”)。4. 当从句所叙述的事实为一个定理或客观存在时,无论主句是什么时态,从句均用一般现在时。但与人有关的均不是定理。He told me that he was a boy. (虽然性别是客观存在的,但“男”“女”也是人为定义的,故非第4种情况)Father told me that practice makes perfect. (所叙述的事实为一个定理,用一般现在时) 1. The teacher told the children that the sun ____ was B. is C. were D. are选B,因其陈述为无可争议的客观事实。2. I believe that our team ____ the basketball win B. won C. will win D. wins选B或C ,这既是讲话人现在对将来情况的主观推测,也是对未来发生动作的肯定。3. The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a ;where ;which ;which ;where选B,动词reach后接宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,where不可,which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个”而此句中并非疑问含义,不知道哪一座庙宇,而是用what从句表陈述含义,意“过去的一座旧庙宇”;temple后为对其修饰的定语从句,用关系代词which代替,并在从句中作动词used的宾语。(注:use sth. as译为“把…用作”) A. 有时候可以用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours : I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two : He left whether we should continue this project to my : He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English : I don’t think he likes the English : He wanted to know why he is crying in the : He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
Q2:宾语从句的三要素
宾语从句的三大要素:语序、引导词、时态。1、语序宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序,即正常的主谓语序,如果原句是疑问句改为宾语从句则应调整为陈述句语序。Idon’tknowwhereheisnow. 我不知道他现在在哪。2、引导词当宾语从句是由陈述句变化而来时,该从句通常由that引导。此时that没有具体意义,口语中可以省略。当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,用连词if或whether引导,意思为“是否”,表示选择。注意:if和whether在引导宾语从句时,一般可以互换。3、时态主句:一般现在时→从句:根据实际需要各种时态,如:Shesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday. 她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)主句:一般过去时→从句:相应的过去时态,如:Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)注意:从句表示客观真理、自然现象、科学原理、格言等,从句动词的时态不变,仍用一般现在时。Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.他说光比声音传播得快。扩展资料一、宾语从句的含义宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句;宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句以及形容词的宾语从句。二、宾语从句的结构连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。即:连接代词/副词+陈述句语序。三、 宾语从句的特点1、宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2、宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3、连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成分,多数情况下可以省略。whether和if都可引导宾语从句,但whether后可紧跟ornot;whether从句可作介词的宾语。4、如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it。5、补充:宾语从句是指在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
Q3:宾语从句三要素
“引导词”、“词序”、“时态”是学好“宾语从句”的三要素。一、引导词:“that”、“if(whether)”、“疑问词”是宾语从句的三类引导词,它们一定要放在宾语从句的最前面。1、引导词that用来连接宾语从句是陈述句的句子,在口词或非正式文体中that常常省略。例如:I hear (that) he will be back in a week.He said (that) he felt terrible.Can’t you see (that) I’m a bird?2、引导词if(whether)用来连接宾语从句是一般疑问句的句子。例如:I want to know…Does he live here?→I want to know if (whether) he lives here.He asked …,“Has your father come back?”→He asked me if (whether) my father had come back.Could you tell me…? “Will Tom be back soon?”→Could you tell me if (whether) Tom will be back soon?3、如果宾语从句是特殊疑问句,那么特殊疑问句的疑问代词或副词就成为宾语从句的引导词。例如:Why is the bus late? Can you tell me?→Can you tell me why the bus is late?How can I get to the station? Could you tell me?→Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Why did he try to fool us? Can you tell me?→Can you tell me why he tried to fool us?二、词序词序是指宾语从句中的词序,不可用疑问句的词序,而应用陈句的词序。即:主语在前,动词在后。例如:Can you tell me where he is?Do you know why they didn’t obey the rules?三、时态时态是指在宾语从句中主句的谓语动词要与从句中谓语动词保持一致。即主语如果是一般现在时,那么从句可以用所需的任何时态;主句如果是一般过去时,那么从句也要用相应的过去时的某一种时态。例如:She said they would go there by air.Can you tell me when the meeting will start?学了宾语从句的三要素,就能准确无误地掌握宾语从句。但还要提醒大家注意以下几点:1、think、believe等动词引导的宾语从句,从句如含有否定意义,通常否定主句中的谓语动词。例如:不说:I think he isn’t good at English.而说:I don’t think he is good at English.2、在主句动词和连接之间可插入其它成份。例如:He told the girl that she was mistaken3、连接代词或副词除连接作用、引导一个宾语从句外,还在从句中充当一个成份。因而不可省略。例如:The teacher asked who could answer the question.另外,在用what引导的宾语从句中,支配what的介词一般要放在句末。4、if(whether)引导的宾语从句中,虽然它们在从句中不充当任何成份,只起连接作用,但由于本身有意义(是否),因而不可省略。例如:Mike asked Tom if it rained here yesterday.He asked his classmates if (whether) they missed him.5、从句如表示“普遍真理”或“客观存在的事实”,不管主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。例如:The teacher told us that the earth is one of the sun’s planets.通过上述对宾语从句的归纳总结,大家就可以准确无误地掌握使用这项语法项目,同时,为学习间接引语、过去完成时等语法知识打下良好的基础。
Q4:宾语从句
The role of the sentence is 宾语.
Q5:讲讲宾语从句
宾语从句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how展风采。展风采有三关,引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致,陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连。特殊问句作宾从,原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意,人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的if/when,从句的简化记心间。[歌诀解码]一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型:1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如:We knew (that)we should learn from each 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如:Please tell me if/whether you have been to 由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如:Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?二、三关1. 引导词关如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略);如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。2. 语序关①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。如:He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。如:Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he 时态关①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如:I have heard(that)he will come back next week.②如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如:He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.注意:如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。如:He said that light travels much faster than sound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。如:“May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。如:Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?四、两副面孔if和when既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如:If it rains tomorrow,I won’t come.(时间状语从句)I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (宾语从句)五、从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如:She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the 当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。如:Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?“当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如:She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.”补充:宾语从句就是一个句子在复合句中作动词或介词的宾语,在主句与从句之间有一个引导词,其结构为“主语+谓语动词+引导词+主语+谓语+其 它”。 主句 宾语从句 焦点一:宾语从句的引导词 1. 宾语从句具有陈述意义时用that引导。that无具体意思,不作任何成分,因此在口语或非正式文体中常常被省略。如: She said (that) she would leave the book on his desk. 她说她会把那本书放在他的桌子上。 ● 从句的主语是that时,that不能省略;主从句之间有插入语时,that不能省略;若出现两个或两个以上的that宾语从句,且由并列连词连 接时,只有第一个连词that可以省去,其余保留。如: It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.卡片上写着,它过去是演戏用的。 He thought that that was a washing machine. 他认为那是一台洗衣机。 My aunt said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her daughter. 我姑姑说她要来,还要带她的女儿来。 2. 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时,用if或whether来引导从句,意为“是否”。如: Alice wanted to know if / whether her grandmother liked the bag. 艾丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包。 在下列几种情况下,只能用whether, 不能用if: ● 当or not 紧随连词之后时。如: I don't know whether or not he will come on time. 我不知道他能否按时来。 ● 从句用作介词宾语时。如: I am interested in whether he joined the army. 我对他是否入伍很感兴趣。 ● 在带to的动词不定式前。如: She doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home. 她不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。 ● 当宾语从句移至句首表强调时。如: Whether this is true or not, I'm not sure. 这是否真实,我不敢肯定。 3. 宾语从句具有特殊疑问含义时用连接代(副)词引导,它们在宾语从句中充当一定成分,因此不能省略。如: Did you hear what he said? 你听见他说的话了吗?(作宾语) I don't know whose that is. 我不知道那是谁的。(作表语) Could you tell me how I get to the post office? 你能告诉我到邮局怎么走吗?(作状语) 焦点二:宾语从句的语序 无论宾语从句的主句是陈述句还是疑问句,也无论主从句间是什么引导词,宾语从句一律用陈述语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”。如: Could you tell me? / Where does Wei Fang live? →Could you tell me where Wei Fang lives? ● 当疑问代词who, what等在从句中作主语时,语序本来就是陈述语序,故语序不再变化。如: Who will give us a talk? Please tell us. →Please tell us who will give us a talk. 焦点三:宾语从句的时态 ● 如果主句是祈使句或主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时,则宾语从句可根据句意的需要而选用任何一种时态;若主句是一般过去时 ,宾语从句用表示过去的某种时态。 He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 My father said that he was mending his bike. 我父亲说他正在修理自行车。 ● 如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等,不论主句用何 种时态,从句一律用一般现在时。如: The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光比声音传播快。 He said time is money. 他说时间就是金钱。 焦点四:宾语从句的简化 1. 当主句谓语动词是hope, agree, choose, wish, decide 等,其后用that引导的宾语从句,若主从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结 构。如: He agreed that he could help me with my English. → He agreed to help me with my English. 2. 当主句谓语动词为see, hear, watch, find等词时,其后that宾语从句常简化为“宾语+宾语补定语”结构,宾补多为不带to的不定式或 动词的现在分词。如: I heard that she sang some songs in the next room. → I heard her sing some songs in the next room. 3. 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,若从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语相一致时,可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如: I don't know what I should do. → I don't know what to do. Can you tell me how I get to the hospital? → Can you tell me how to get to the hospital? 焦点五:宾语从句的否定转移 当主句谓语动词为think, suppose, guess, believe等词时,并且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定词应转移到主句谓语动词上来。如: I don't believe that he will come tomorrow. 我相信他明天不会来。
Q6:宾语从句的构成
初中学生主要记住wich that修物 ,who that修人
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